James Webb Space Telescope Feed Post

JWST's PEARLS: 119 multiply imaged galaxies behind MACS0416, lensing properties of caustic crossing galaxies, and the relation between halo mass and number of globular clusters at z=0.4

Detail of globular clusters found in MACS0416 (marked with green circles) detected around the NE BCG. The galaxy Warhol is shown in the top right. Unresolved features in Warhol and other resolved galaxies are not included in the sample of GCs. The image is a composition made from two filtered images (using a Gaussian Kernel with 3 and 15 pixels) and the raw data. The red channel is the F150W filter, the blue channel is the F115W. The most sensitive F200W is used for the green channel in order to maximize the effectiveness of the visual inspection. Abstract: We present a new lens model for the z=0.396 galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403 based on a previously known set of 77 spectroscopically confirmed, multiply imaged galaxies plus an additional set of 42 candidate multiply imaged galaxies from past HST and new JWST data. The new galaxies lack spectroscopic redshifts but have geometric and/or photometric redshift estimates that are presented here. The new model predicts magnifications and time delays for all multiple images. The full set of constraints totals 343, constituting the largest sample of multiple images lensed by a single cluster to date. Caustic-crossing galaxies lensed by this cluster are especially interesting. Some of these galaxies show transient events, most of which are interpreted as micro-lensing of stars at cosmological distances. These caustic-crossing arcs are expected to show similar events in future, deeper JWST observations. We provide time delay and magnification models for all these arcs. The time delays and the magnifications for different arcs are generally anti-correlated, as expected from N-body simulations. In the major sub-halos of the cluster, the dark-matter mass from our lens model correlates well with the observed number of globular clusters. This confirms earlier results, derived at lower redshifts, which suggest that globular clusters can be used as powerful mass proxies for the halo masses when lensing constraints are scarce or not available.